Compare renewable and non-renewable resources. Why are forests called the 'lungs of the planet'? Name different types of forests found in India. Describe the difference between evergreen forests, thorn, and scrub forests. Why are the forest areas shrinking? How can we protect forests? What is the importance of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks?
Answer (1)
Renewable and non-renewable resources are two categories of natural resources that we use for energy and materials.
Renewable Resources:
Renewable resources are those which can be replenished or regenerated naturally over time.
Examples include solar energy, wind energy, water (hydropower), and biomass.
These resources are considered sustainable because they do not deplete over time when managed properly.
Non-Renewable Resources:
Non-renewable resources are those that do not replenish at a sufficient pace to keep up with consumption.
Examples include fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas) and minerals.
These resources are finite, meaning they will eventually run out as we continue to use them.
Forests as the 'Lungs of the Planet':
Forests are called the 'lungs of the planet' because they play a critical role in converting carbon dioxide into oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.
This process is essential for maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere.
Types of Forests in India:
Tropical Evergreen Forests : Found in areas with heavy rainfall like the Western Ghats and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Tropical Deciduous Forests : Also known as monsoon forests, found in regions with a distinct dry season like Central India and the foothills of the Himalayas.
Thorn Forests : Located in dry regions like Rajasthan and some parts of Gujarat.
Montane Forests : Found in the high altitudes of the Himalayas.
Mangrove Forests : Found in the coastal regions, especially the Sundarbans in West Bengal.
Difference Between Evergreen, Thorn, and Scrub Forests:
Evergreen Forests: These forests have a closed canopy and receive high rainfall. They do not shed leaves seasonally.
Thorn Forests: Found in arid and semi-arid regions, these forests have plants with long thorns and spines.
Scrub Forests: These are found in regions with low rainfall and consist of hardy shrubs and small trees.
Shrinking Forest Areas:
Forest areas shrink due to deforestation for agriculture expansion, logging, urbanization, and infrastructure development.
This loss leads to biodiversity reduction and affects the planet's climate and environment.
Protecting Forests:
Afforestation and reforestation can help restore and expand forested areas.
Implementing strong regulations and conservation laws to prevent illegal logging and land clearance.
Promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices.
Raising awareness about the importance of forests and involving local communities in conservation efforts.
Importance of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks:
They provide habitats and safe havens for endangered species and other wildlife, helping to preserve biodiversity.
National parks and wildlife sanctuaries promote eco-tourism, offering educational and recreational opportunities while supporting local economies.
They help in conserving natural environments and maintaining ecosystem services like clean water and air, climate regulation, and soil conservation.
