Ancient Athens was known for its establishment of a direct democracy, where citizens participated directly in decision-making. This system allowed for gathering and voting on issues rather than relying on elected representatives. Other forms of government listed do not accurately represent Athenian governance. ;
Ancient Athens practiced a direct democracy where free male citizens participated directly in decision-making. This system allowed citizens to gather, discuss, and vote on laws and policies, contrasting with other government forms like socialism or dictatorship. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C. a direct democracy.
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