f ( ϕ ) = t an ϕ i s n o t d e f in e d f or ϕ = 2 π + kπ w h ere k ∈ Z .
The function f ( θ ) = tan ( θ ) is not defined at angles given by θ = 2 π + kπ , where k is any integer. This includes values such as 2 π , 2 3 π , and negative multiples as well. These values occur because the tangent function is undefined when the cosine equals zero.
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