Louis XIV of France creates an absolute monarchy; France
emerges as the dominant power in Europe.
Peace of Westphalia cements the legal status of the
nation-state as sovereign.
Europeans were the leading powers in terms of early exploration. So they were first to travel around the world and trade with everyone. This force of commerce allowed them to aggressively colonize the rest of the world; up until the individual nations fought for their independence. Hope this helps!
The growth of powerful nations in Europe was driven by the establishment of absolute monarchies, military expansion through conflicts, economic changes under mercantilism, rising nationalism, and technological advances like the printing press. These elements led to the emergence of more centralized and powerful states during the early modern period. France, under Louis XIV, exemplified this growth as it became the dominant European power.
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